GAULEY RIVER TIMELINE

13,000 - 7000 BC
To the north, in the broad valleys leading to the Gauley River, it is possible that occupation by big game hunters of the Paleo-Indian era took place.

7000 - 1000 BC
There is widely dispersed evidence of hunters and food gatherers of the Archaic period.

1000 BC - 700 AD
There is fragmentary evidence from early Woodland period.

700 - 1200
There are artifacts of the hunters and food gatherers of the Armstrong, Buck Garden and Fort Ancient groups of the late Woodland period.

1200 - 1700
It is believed that the area that is now West Virginia became a fairly unpopulated buffer zone between the Iroquois to the north and the Cherokee to the south.

1782 - 1785
William Morris began to acquire land around Peter's Creek.

1783 - 1795
Large land patents were granted, many to speculators.

1790
The Koontz New Road, a rough wagon road built along an Indian trail, was completed between Lewisburg and Charleston.

1791
Henry Morris, Conrad Young and Edward McClung settled near present day Lockwood, in the Kessler's Cross Lanes/Peter's Creek area.

1792
Two young daughters of Henry Morris were killed while going to herd cows. Referred to as the "Morris Massacre."

1795
By this time it appeared the Indians had left the area so more families began settling along the tributaries of the Gauley River.

1800's
The salt industry in the Kanawha Valley created a demand for wood, and later coal.

1818
Roadwork completed on Peter's Creek.

1850 - 1858
Weston and Gauley Bridge Turnpike was built.

1858
A dam was proposed (but never built) on the Meadow River between Big Sewell and Laurel Mountains, 28 miles from its mouth. This dam would have been near Rainelle.

1861
The Civil War battle of Carnifex Ferry was fought.

1867 - 1880
Free schools were organized during the period of reconstruction after the Civil War.

1880
The Koontz and Scholl families arrive from Switzerland and settle the town of Swiss.

1883
Approximate year of the first successful large-scale log drive from Wood's Mill (near Wood's Ferry) downriver to Kanawha.

1885
Timber cutting begins on a large scale.

1885 - 1887
Federal government-sponsored digging of a 100-foot-wide channel in the Gauley River from Gauley Bridge to 3 miles above the mouth of Little Elk Creek takes place.

1893 - 1894
The Gauley Branch of the C&O Railroad was completed, extending from Gauley Junction northward along the Gauley River and up Twentymile Creek to Greendale, a distance of 14.2 miles.

1900's
Great expansion of the coal industry takes place. 1905 The Flynn Lumber Company was established at Swiss.

1905
Around this time, the Cherry River Paper Company, William F. Mosser Company (a tannery), and other industries began operations at Richwood resulting in 21 years of industrial pollution in the Gauley River.

1906
The Meadow River Lumber Company was formed.

1908 - 1909
The Sewell Valley Railroad was built from Meadow Creek, along the main line of the C&O to Rainelle Junction.

1913
Rainelle, on the Meadow River, was incorporated.

1915 - 1916
The Loop & Lookout Railroad extended down the Meadow River to Wilderness (Nallen).

1922
The Kanawha and West Virginia Railroad opens a short line from Belva to Swiss.

1926
The New York Central and Chesapeake and Ohio, forced by the Interstate Commerce Commission to pool their resources in the Gauley River area, form the Nicholas, Fayette and Greenbrier Railway.

1927
The West Virginia State Wild Life League is successful in obtaining funds to clean up the Gauley River, which had become known as the River of Ink because of industrial pollution.

1929 - 1931
Twenty-eight miles of railway, including two tunnels, were built by the NF&G between Swiss and Nallen.

1959
Sayre and Jane Rodman, two mountain climbers from Pennsylvania make the first attempt to raft the whitewater of the Gauley. High water forced the group to return later.

1961
The Rodmans successfully raft the Gauley to Swiss.

1965
The US Army Corps of Engineers completes Summersville Dam, flooding a stretch of whitewater that Rodman says was "absolutely glorious."

1968
John Sweet became the first person to successfully kayak "The Devil's Backbone" rapid. It was later renamed "Sweet's Falls" in his honor.

1970s
Paul Breuer of Mountain River Tours is credited with making the Gauley River a viable river for the commercial whitewater rafting industry.

1985
Congress added recreation to the list of purposes defined for Summersville Dam maximizing the number of potential days for boating on the Gauley.

1988
Gauley River National Recreation Area established as part of the National Park Service.

1997
General Management Plan (GMP) for Gauley River National Recreation area is completed.